Raad S. Abd 2Nebras R. Mohammed1,. “The Effect of Nd:YAG, Semiconductor, He-Ne Laser and Beta, Gamma Irradiation on Leishmania Tropica Promastigotes This Work Evaluated the Effect of Nd:YAG, Semiconductor, He-Ne Laser and”. Iraqi journal of biotechnology 16, no. 2 (November 19, 2018). Accessed September 18, 2026. https://jige.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/IJB/article/view/83.