The Role of Hemoglobin-Alpha2 and miR-4459 Gene Expression in the Progression of Major and Intermediate Beta Thalassaemia in Iraqi Patients

Abstract

Beta-thalassemia, a genetic hemoglobin production condition, has three clinical types: β-Thalassemia Major (βTM), β-Thalassemia Intermedia (βTI), and β-Thalassemia Minor. Aim. The study explores the impact of hemoglobin-alpha2 (HBA2) and miR-4459 gene expression on βTM and βTI illness severity, potentially influencing thalassemia diagnosis and treatment through novel diagnostic techniques. Methods. The research was conducted with care, dividing patients into three groups: 73 with βTM, 27 with βTI, and 50 healthy volunteers. Data was collected through patient interviews and clinical examinations at Al-Krama Teaching Hospital. The investigation focused on miR-4459 and HBA2 genes using qRT-PCR. Results. Research showed β-thalassemia major and intermedia patients had decreased HBA2 gene expression, particularly in βTM, and higher miR-4459 gene expression, indicating high confidence in the findings. Conclusion. The HBA2 and miR-4459 genes have the potential to act as biomarkers for the early detection of βTM and βTI.