Evaluation of CDKAL1 and TCF7L2 Serum level in a Sample of Iraqi Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disorder with a complex of signs and symptoms. Recent evidence suggests that CDKAL1 and TCF7L2 play important roles in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, making them potential biomarkers for T2DM development. Aim. The current study aimed to investigate the association of CDKAL1 and TCF7L2 serum levels with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraqi patients. Methods. A case–control study was conducted on 200 participants, including 100 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 100 apparently healthy controls. Demographic and clinical parameters such as sex, age (classified into three groups), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and HbA1c (%) were recorded. Serum levels of CDKAL1 and TCF7L2 were measured using the enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Significant differences were observed between patients and controls regarding age, age groups, BMI, FBG, and HbA1c (p < 0.001), while no significant difference was found in sex distribution. The mean serum level of CDKAL1 was significantly higher in T2DM patients (3.07 ± 0.89) compared to controls (1.11 ± 0.18) (p < 0.001). Likewise, TCF7L2 serum levels were markedly elevated in patients (2278.0 ± 533.2) versus controls (832.4 ± 91.7), showing a highly significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Elevated serum levels of CDKAL1 and TCF7L2 are strongly associated with T2DM in Iraqi patients, suggesting their potential role as promising biomarkers in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.