Co-existence and Dominancy of Mutational Cluster in the Genomes of SARS-CoV-2 In Iraq: Insights from Whole Genome Sequencing

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, rapidly spread across the globe following its emergence in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits significant genetic diversity, which has contributed to the evolution of various variants, including the Omicron sublineages. Aim. This study aims to investigate the genetic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from different governorates in Iraq during the Omicron wave, utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS).  Methods. A total number of 12 isolates collected and subjected to sequencing and bioinformatical analysis. Results. The results revealed the dominance of Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, and their respective variants, along with 19 dominant genetic variations, including SNPs, deletions, and silent mutations. The current analysis highlights the persistence of different mutations in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Nucleocapsid, and Membrane proteins. Conclusion. These findings underline the genetic variability and evolutionary adaptations of SARS-CoV-2 in Iraq, emphasizing the need for ongoing investigation and larger-scale studies to further understand the impact of these mutations on viral pathogenicity and immune response.