Enhancing the Stability and Efficiency of protease and lipase Immobilization in Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles coated with acacia gum

Abstract

Immobilizing enzymes onto magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles provides a robust alternative to traditional methods, addressing challenges like high enzyme costs and environmental sensitivity. These three-dimensional matrices offer superior structural stability, extended storage longevity, and easy magnetic separation from reaction solutions. Aim. This study aims to characterize and utilize gum arabic-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the efficient immobilization of protease and lipase enzymes. Methods.  Nanoparticles were characterized using FE-SEM, AFM, FTIR, and XRD, both before and after coating with gum arabic (0.05 mg/L). The coated nanoparticles were then activated with glutaraldehyde. Subsequently, 10 mL of enzyme solutions were added in a 2:1 ratio to 0.5 mg of the activated support matrices to facilitate immobilization. The effects of time intervals, enzyme weight, pH, and temperature on the process were systematically evaluated. Results. Advanced characterization successfully confirmed both the gum arabic encapsulation and the subsequent enzyme immobilization. The experimental immobilization efficiencies ranged broadly from 25% to 80%. Notably, the process resulted in exceptional activity recoveries, reaching up to 120% for protease and 130% for lipase. Furthermore, the data showed that enzyme weight, pH variations (4 to 8), and temperature ranges (30 to 50 °C) significantly influenced both the immobilization efficiency and the final recovery of enzyme activity. Conclusion. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles serve as highly effective support matrices for enzyme immobilization. This approach successfully enhances enzyme stability, activity, and reusability, offering a highly viable solution to critical challenges in biochemical applications