Phytochemical Analysis of Cynanchum acutum and Evaluated Its Effect on Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Due to the great need in treating some diseases  and the popularity of natural herbal  medicine with lack of  side effect. This study was conducted to analyze the chemical component and determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethanolic extract of the leaves and the stems of C. acutum against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The ethanolic extract of the leaves and the stems of the plant were analyzed, using gas mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) techniques. Ten compounds were identified for the leaves extract. It contains seven Flavonoids, (78.14%), and three Terpenes (21.87%). As for the stems extract, It was found contain twenty-four important peaks, fifteen of which were flavonoids, (83.31%), and six Terpene compounds, (11.47%) . The Steroid had one peak (2.93%) as well as the Tannin  and the Resin  (0.84%) and (1.38%) respectively. In this research, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the leaves and stems extract of  C. acutum against  S. aureus bacteria were determined using the microtiter plate method at different concentrations, of the plant extracts and resazurin dye.  It was noted that a concentration of 125,000 µg /ml of leaves extract was lethal (MBC) for most of the isolates, with the exception of one isolate that was highly resistant, for which the lethal concentration reached 250,000 µg /ml. The lowest concentration following the lethal concentration is recorded as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). As for the stems extract, the lethal concentration (MBC) reached 250,000 µg/ml for all isolates, which indicates that the leaves extract was more effective inhibitory than the stems extract. It was concluded that the type of bacteria was detected by various methods, including traditional and molecular methods, and the Vitek  was used to increase accuracy in diagnosis.