Estimation of TPM Values for MAPK Genes, Some Amino Acids and Chlorophyll Content under Salt Stress of some Iraqi Wheat Cultivars

Abstract

Most plants encounter stress conditions such as salinity that adversely affect growth, development and crop productivity. The expression of the stress related-genes extends throughout various protective mechanisms in plants allows them to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. As a result of salinity, these effects are considered crucial signs of plant damage.  In this study, some Iraqi wheat cultivars were examined against two salinity levels, the chlorophyll concentration and amino acids were estimated during booting stage. Also, the expression of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) genes was measured at the same stage. RNAseq and bioinformatics analyses were used to analyze salinity stress-related genes. The Studied cultivars showed high values of transcripts per million (TPM) with a related five related genes in Dijlah cultivar and three genes in Ibaa 99 cultivar. (MAPK) studied genes were very obvious in their significant expression in the Dijlah cultivar than the Ibaa 99 cultivar, and showed variable numbers of TPMs between both wheat cultivars. Most amino acids increased under salt stress for both cultivars, but the rate was higher in the tolerant cultivar,Dijlah, especially for serine, threonine and cysteine.