The Role of HAV Infection Diagnostic Methods in Detection of Liver Function in Sample of Iraqi Patients

Abstract

Hepatitis A virus infection is a health threat with multiple transmission patterns across areas. This study aimed to use HAV diagnostic methods, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, anti-HAV IgM antibodies, and biochemical analysis to assess liver function. A total of 110 Iraqi individuals participated in this study, comprising 60 HAV-infected patients (Patient group) and 50 healthy controls. The study was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023. Blood samples were collected for HAV antibody titers and RT-PCR confirmation of infection.  Liver function tests measured alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) in serum. Our results showed that HAV RNA was detected in samples by RT-PCR, demonstrating the effectiveness of molecular methods in diagnosing HAV infection. Higher levels of HAV IgM antibodies in patients compared to healthy individuals indicated acute infection. Biochemical testing revealed abnormalities in liver function markers in HAV-infected individuals, including elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and total serum bilirubin. This study highlights the benefits of liver function tests in assessing liver damage and diagnosing hepatitis. It emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis and management of HAV infection to better understand its prevalence and health impact.