Evaluation of Serum Amyloid A Levels and Some Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by variability in activity and severity. Identifying accurate biomarkers remains a major challenge to improve diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. The aims of this study were to study the level of serum amyloid A protein towards inflammatory bowel disease severity. To compare the level of serum amyloid A protein with other biomarkers such as cytosolic phospholipase A2, myeloperoxidase, and presepsin; Also to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these biomarkers. The study involved 135 participants, distributed into 40 patients with Crohn's disease and 35 patients with ulcerative colitis, in addition to a comparison group of 60 healthy controls. Amyloid A, cytosolic phospholipase A2, myeloperoxidase, and presepsin concentrations were measured for all contributors. Disease activity was evaluated by measures calculated specifically for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of the biomarkers by assessing their sensibility and particularity rates of these indicators. The results of the study revealed a significant increase in amyloid A levels in IBD patients compared to healthy individuals, with statistically significant differences It also showed a strong positive correlation among amyloid A and the severity of disease activity indices. Statistical analysis confirmed that amyloid A levels had the highest discriminatory ability to differentiate between patients and the control group, indicating that it may be the most perfect biomarker for assessing disease status. Amyloid A protein has high specificity and sensibility in distinguishing between patients with IBD and healthy individuals, as well as in differentiating between patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, indicating that it may be the most accurate candidate for diagnosing inflammatory bowel diseases.