Estimation the Antibacterial Activity of Triterpenoids and Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum Mushroom

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum has gained recognition as a significant medicinal mushroom due to its abundance of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that possess a wide range of chemical structures. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids were considered the first bioactive ingredients which were used to control several diseases. In this study, the fruiting bodies powders were used to extract triterpenoids (GLTs) and polysaccharides (GLPs) from this mushroom. HPLC was utilized to detect GLTs and GLPs by using Ganoderic Acid (A) and β-Glucan respectively as standards. To estimate the antibacterial efficacy of these extracts, four bacteria were utilized which demonstrated resistance to antibiotics. From 1000 gm fruiting bodies that were used to extract each of GLTs and GLPs, 16.1 g GLTs and 15.7 g GLPs were extracted. The results of HPLC analysis exhibited that the concentration of β-Glucan in GLPs was 416.25 µg and 985 µg per gram of Ganoderic acid in GLTs. The antibacterial activity of these extracts showed that GLTs and GLPs have high effects against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria and the concentration of 100 mg/ml of GLTs exhibited the most substantial inhibitory zones against bacteria, measuring 16.33 mm, 19.33 mm, 13 mm, and 15.33 mm for E. faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa respectively. On the other hand, 100 mg/ml of GLPs significantly inhibited all examined bacteria, yielding the maximum inhibition zones of 15 mm for E. faecalis, 19.66 mm for S. aureus, 13.33 mm for E. coli, and 14.33 mm for P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that both GLPs and GLTs possess promising antibacterial properties against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and demand further research to clarify their mechanisms of action and investigate their potential as novel therapeutic agents.