The relationship between the Serum Level and IL-4 Polymorphism (rs2243250) with Susceptibility to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Abstract

Background. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites. Cytokines is a group of glycoproteins which play a crucial role in the body's defense mechanisms for both innate and adaptive in responding to infection and disease. Aim. The present study aimed to elucidate the association between Interleukine-4 (IL-4) serum levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of IL-4 (rs2243250) with the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) susceptibility. Methods. From Baquba Teaching Hospital which is located in Diyala Governorate/ Iraq, 200 samples of whole blood of patients and controls were collected from October 2022 to February 2023 which were utilized to measure the serum level of IL-4 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and IL-4 SNP (rs2243250) utilized High Resolution Melting Technique. Results. The findings showed no significant differences between the serum levels IL-4 of CL in patients and control. Although, the serum levels of IL-4 were slightly elevated in patients when compared with controls. Also, the results showed no significant differences between patients and controls of female and male for all age groups with slight decrease was noticed in the serum levels IL-4 for patients’ female compare to the controls. Furthermore, there were significantly differences between patients and control by data of polymorphisms in the genotype models for CT, TT and CT+TT and allele T with (P < 0.001) and OR > 1. Whilst, the distribution serum levels of IL-4 by SNP (rs2243250) revealed no significant differences of the genotypes between the two groups. Conclusion. Tacking together, the SNP IL-4 (rs2243250) had the T allele (P=0.0001, OR=4.696) and the genotype TT (P= 0.0001, OR=9.857) in codominant genetic model which is consider as higher risk factor for the infection of CL than the other genotypes.