IVF outcome under the effect of mucin -1 gene expression and some related microRNAs

Abstract

Background: Embryo implantation is a complex procedure, including interactions between the blastocyst (an early stage of embryo development) and the uterus's luminal epithelium (the inner lining) during its receptive phase. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a glycoprotein that is an essential part of the cell membrane. It is mainly found on the outer surface of secretory epithelial cells and the glandular epithelium in various organs such as the uterus. The absence of MUC1 on the surface of uterine epithelial cells is considered essential for the successful attachment of an embryo. The endogenous miRNAs, non-protein coding, have a length of 21-24 nucleotides. Research has demonstrated that miRNAs play a role in several biological processes by controlling gene expression after transcription. Aim: To determine the gene expression to evaluate the correlation between mucin1 and certain microRNAs, including miR146a-5p, miR146a-3p, and miR485-5p, in embryo implantation. So, examine the influence of different types of microRNAs on the expression of the mucin-1 gene in infertile Iraqi females undergoing an in vitro fertilization program. Methods: This study involved 26 instances of successful implantations and 58 instances of unsuccessful implantations within an in vitro fertilization program. A total of 44 fertile females were selected as controls and categorized into two subgroups: 21 cases with successful implantations and 23 cases with unsuccessful implantations. Results: The observed findings indicate an increase in the expression of both the miR146a-5p and miR485-5P genes, with a decrease in the expression of miR146a-3p. These changes in gene expression may have a role in controlling embryo implantation in infertile females undergoing IVF programs by regulating the expression of the mucin1 gene. Conclusion: The current study's findings indicate that the expression of the MUC1 gene is directly regulated by miR146a-5p and miR485-5p. There is a significant positive association depending on the correlation between mucin1 and miR485-5P and a significant negative correlation between mucin1 and miR146a-5p and miR146a-3p. Implantation success in infertile females is related to the usual amount of mucin-1 expression. Implantation failure in infertile females undergoing IVF is linked to a significant increase in mucin-1 expression.