The Emergence of MDR Escherichia coli Isolates in Baghdad Province and Attempts to Control These Isolates Using Nanoparticals

Abstract

Nanotechnology offers new perspectives on the efficient treatment and control of disease caused by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Various nanoparticle conjugates have shown wide- ranging antibacterial activity. The synthesis of copper-cobalt oxide (CuO–CoO) nanoparticles was achieved using a photo irradiation approach. The structure and crystallographic phase of the nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The size and shape of the product were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial efficacy of CuO–CoO NPs was assessed against multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and potentially pans drug-resistant (PAN) microorganisms using the agar well diffusion technique. It was found that the average crystallite size of binary CuO-CoO NPs was 16 nm. The range of particle sizes shown in the (TEM) image is 25- 35 nm. Several agglomerated nanoparticles with various sizes caused by various metal oxide nanoparticles are apparent in the SEM image of the binary CuO-CoO NPs. The concentrations of nanoparticles were 10000 µg/ml, which exhibited the highest inhibitory impact against the MDR isolate, measuring 18 mm However, the least inhibitory effect against the XDR isolate was seen at a concentration of 10000 µg/ml, measuring 13 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC of CuO–CoO NPs was determined using the micro-dilution technique. The findings revealed that the (MIC) for Cuo-CoO NPs against the (MDR) isolate was 1250 µg/ml, but the MIC for the (XDR) isolate was 2500 µg/ml. The bacteria that were tested exhibited notable variations in their susceptibility to Cuo-CoO NPs the bacteria that displayed the highest resistance to Cuo-CoO NPs in this study were also resistant to all antibiotics (PAN). Conversely, the MDR strain demonstrated the highest sensitivity to Cuo-CoO NPs.