Determining the Role of miR-30α as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Gastric Disorders

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) arises from the interplay of various risk factors, including both environmental and genetic influences.  Peripheral blood samples represent a straightforward method for collection and analysis, owing to their accessibility and ease of acquisition.  MicroRNA is a short non-coding RNA comprising 18–24 nucleotides, which plays a significant role in regulating gene expression and influencing the progression of various cancer types.  The study examined the relationship between miR-30a gene expression in 100 Iraqi participants, comprising sixty patients with various gastric diseases and forty healthy controls.  The models were analyzed using qRT-PCR technology.  The mean ± SD relative expression of miR-30a in patients was 1.661 ± 1.4113, significantly exceeding that of healthy controls (mean ± SD 1 ± 0) (p = 0.004).  The expression levels of miR-30a were evaluated in healthy controls and patients diagnosed with different gastric conditions, including gastric ulcers, gastritis, gastric cancer, and duodenal ulcers.  The mean ± SD of relative expression of miR-30a was significantly elevated in patients with duodenal ulcers (2.142 ± 2.256), gastritis (1.693 ± 1.415), gastric cancer (1.537 ± 1.05), and gastric ulcers (1.284 ± 2.257) compared to healthy controls (1 ± 0) (all p< 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test).  The findings suggest that the upregulation of miR-30a is associated with gastrointestinal disorders and may serve as a biomarker for differentiating healthy individuals from patients.  MicroRNA serves as a biomarker for the early identification of diseases and facilitates straightforward treatment.