Detection the Prevalence of Some Chromosomal Efflux Pump Genes in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Iraqi Patients

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with multi drug resistance infections and high levels of illness and the efflux pump has vital role in multi drug resistance for antimicrobial agent in S. aureus. Four hundred and thirty nine clinical specimens (burns, blood, wounds) were collected from patients  attending different hospitals in Baghdad and Wassit City. S. aureus has been identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Molecular method was depended on PCR in detection specific genes, 16S rRNA to diagnos staphylococcus genus and mecA to diagnos  S.aureus species. The results demonstrated that 168 isolates belonged to S. aureus , 96 isolates of them were related to Methicillin resistance S.aureus (MRSA). The isolation results showed that  burns 51 (53.13%), blood 18 (18.75%) and wounds 27 (28.13%) isolated out of 96 (100%). The aim of this study is to investigate the prevelance of number of chromosomal efflux pumps genes including (norA, norB, norC, mdeA and mepA). The results indicated the presence of mdeA gene in all isolates 96 (100 %) of MRSA. The mepA gene has been recorded the second highest prevalence present in 89 (92.71%) isolates. The norA and norB genes were present in 77 (80.21%) and 54 (56.25%) respectively of isolates, while the gene norC was present in 17 (17.81%) of the total isolates. In conclusion, our results showed the role of 16S rRNA  for molecular detection Staphylococcus genus and using mecA gene in S.aureus bacteria considered one of the most important features in the description of MRSA isolates. The results of detection efflux pump genes demonstrated the presence of MdeA gene in all multidrug resistant local isolates of S.aureus and also high prevalence of other genes especially MepA gene.