The second issue of Volume 17 of the Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology, 2018, issued by the Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, contains a number of important researches in the field of molecular biology, genetic engineering and biotechnologies What is distinguished in the review article about the use of modern biotechnologies for the cultivation of palm tree and the production of flora using modern textile farming techniques, as well as the abundance and prosperity of the ancient tree characterized by a close relationship to people's lives and culture and history, especially in Mesopotamia, in addition to the establishment of different varieties of dates and trees Palm to adapt to the different circumstances of the Iraqi environment, and thus helps to increase production and reflected in turn on the movement of the Iraqi economy. The second study dealt with the process of extracting and purification of banana peel enzymes using ion exchange technology The third study examined a molecular genetic study of the disease of the neural tube defect in a group of Syrian patients, the first study of its kind In the Republic of Syria to investigate the genetic causes of patients. The fourth, eighth and eleventh research included a molecular study to investigate genes and their relationship to cancers of the female reproductive system, uterine adenoids, endometriosis, diseases and lack of reproduction caused by multiple polycystic ovaries, infertility and related genes. The fifth research was the first molecular study to investigate the causes of resistance to some drugs used in the treatment of hepatitis B disease. Other studies dealt with a genetic and histological study of some bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Finally, a variety of research studies examined the genetics of the increase in the level of cholesterol in the family and the relationship with breast cancer in women. As well as the role of some hormones and minerals such as calcium and some vitamins in patients with fractures and their relationship to genetic expression of genes related